ASH 2015: Dr. John M Pagel on Idelalisib as Frontline Therapy in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

We have just learned of the good news of the broad FDA approval in the USA of ibrutinib in the frontline setting for CLL.  

This step forward in CLL therapy only comes after years of research and is due in no small part to the brave patients who volunteered for these trials including the pivotal RESONATE-2 trial.

As a reminder, ibrutinib is a small molecule taken orally, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or TKI, that inhibits the BTK pathway that is so important for  B cell communication. By doing so, it blocks a critical pro-survival signal in our CLL cells and helps control our disease. 

I will comment more on the significance of this frontline approval in a coming post, but to give some perspective, I want to reflect on the only other approved oral TKI for CLL, namely idelalisib that inhibits the PI3Kδ pathway. This pathway is also important for B-cell signaling in our CLL cells and blocking it also blocks the same strong survival signal. That is a big part of the reason why both these drugs work as well as they do. 

Researchers want to discover which CLL patient will get the most benefits with the least risks from these new therapies.

At ASH 2015 in December, many researcher were initially surprised by the amount of toxicity discovered when idelalisib was studied frontline or in the treatment-naive CLL population. 

Keep in mind that it is currently only approved for use in combination with rituximab in the relapsed and refractory CLL population, not frontline. This trial was to look at its safety and efficacy in this new setting.

I interviewed Dr. John Pagel of Swedish Hospital in Seattle, WA on the importance of this negative findings.  

It is a truism in science that we often learn as much or more from the trials that don't go as planned as from those that do.

Though most of the research on idelalisib presented at the ASH meeting was positive, the title of this abstract tells us there were significant issues:  Idelalisib Given Front-Line for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Results in Frequent and Severe Immune-Mediated Toxicities.

Three quarters of the patients had grade 3 toxicities or severe problems. For 56% of them this was liver toxicities where the blood tests that measure liver inflammation were 5 to 10 times the upper limit of normal. These are much higher levels than generally seen when idelalisib is used in patients who have had prior treatments.

The good news is that with immune suppressive therapies including steroids, all the patients recovered.

The details of the trial are here.

Why then when ibrutinib is relatively benign in the frontline setting, did a somewhat similar drug have such unexpected problems.

Any drug may have effects on cells that are not their therapeutic target, resulting in unwanted side effects. One theory is that idelalisib lowered the balancing activity of the regulatory T cells or Tregs that are important in preventing auto-immunity. The PI3Kδ pathway is critical to the function not just of CLL cells but of the Tregs too. 

This is why we need to do research. This is why we need to laud the brave subjects who jump into these trials. Without them, we make no progress.

Here is my interview with Dr. Pagel on this subject from ASH 2015.



As Dr. Pagel emphasizes, idelasilib is a powerful drug that helps many patients with CLL. How and when to best use it is a matter of ongoing research.

Stay strong

Brian

Dr. Tam on Venetoclax (ABT-199) for treating CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Friends,

This week in the Conference Coverage section of the CLL Society website, we have posted an interview from the 2015 iwCLL meeting with Dr. Constantine Tam. We talked about Venetoclax (formerly ABT-199), the early experiences and the results that are being achieved now. It's very informative and worth watching all the way to the end. You can see that interview here.

I have posted about quite a few CLL educational meetings that have been organized by other associations in 2016 and will be posting about more as we become aware of them. We will travel to as many as possible to both create awareness of the CLL Society and our resources, but also to help organize patient/caregiver support groups where there is interest. Many of you have shared with us your locations and your interest in having a support group in your area. Know that we have captured that information and will post new information as it becomes available. The CLL Society will also be planning a few patient/caregiver educational meetings this year and we will keep you updated.

In the meantime:

CLL Meeting in Miami, FL: For those of you in the Miami area, there is a CLL patient meeting hosted by the Florida Society of Clinical Oncology (FLASCO) being held on February 24th at the Miami Marriott Dadeland at 5:00 PM. A complimentary buffet dinner will be provided. I'm not able to attend this meeting, but you'll have the opportunity to ask questions of the expert speakers. Register and find out more information here.

CLL Meeting in Atlanta, GA: For those of you in the Atlanta area, we just became aware of another patient meeting in February: Saturday, February 27th in Atlanta starting at 9:30 AM at the Sheraton Suites Galleria-Atlanta (View Atlanta flyer). CLL patients will be sharing their personal stories, and a local CLL expert will be providing a talk on the basics of CLL. You can call 844-482-6815 to register. A complimentary meal and parking will be provided and you are welcome to bring a guest. I will be at the meeting with an exhibit table and will stay afterwards to meet with attendees to discuss the resources available from the CLL Society. I look forward to meeting you there.

Stay strong.

We are all in this together

Brian Koffman

Volunteer Medical Director of the CLL Society

http://cllsociety.org

http://bkoffman.blogspot.com

Patient Advocacy in Clinical Trials in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Friends,

Today on the CLL Society website, we share an interview with Laura Cleveland, a CLL patient whom I interviewed at the CLL Society and Leukemia and Lymphoma Society sponsored patient dinner held the night before the CRC (CLL Research Consortium) patient forum in San Diego in April 2015. We discussed the role of patient advocacy in clinical trials for CLL. Please take a look here to see the interview.

 

Although it is 5 weeks away, we're busy filling our schedule with meetings with other CLL and Lymphoma organizations, reviewing abstracts and scheduling interviews at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in Orlando. Simultaneously, we are putting together the next issue of The CLL Tribune, due out after ASH. If you haven't had a chance to peruse the first issue, you can access it here.

 

If you have questions you like addressed in future newsletters, OR would be willing to answer 5 questions in our Reader Poll about the CLL Society website, OR would be interested in writing an article for future newsletters, please go to the Ask & Tell section. Our goal is to fulfill the unmet needs of the CLL community, so we always welcome your feedback and questions.

 

SAVE THE DATE: If you live in the Los Angeles area, please consider attending a post-ASH patient education forum and CLL Society LA support group launch in conjunction with City of Hope scheduled for Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. A flyer with more details will be posted in the next week or 2.

 

Finally, if you are receiving this email through a CLL Society Alert, you are all set. If you are receiving this through another method and haven't already, please sign up here. Also, please forward this email to a fellow patient or caregiver who might benefit from knowing more about CLL.

 

Another reason to make sure all the folks that might be helped sign on is that we will be posting a backlog of great lectures and interviews and articles on CLL over the next few months leading up to ASH and this alert is your best friend in knowing what new material we have posted.

 

Stay strong.

We are all this together

Brian Koffman

Volunteer Medical Director of the CLL Society

http://cllsociety.org

http://bkoffman.blogspot.com

Dr. Byrd on trial design and getting drugs to market for CLL ( chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

This week on the CLL Society website, we share an interview with my trial doctor, Dr. John Byrd out of Ohio State University, discussing how CLL drugs get to market and what the implications are for patients in terms of clinical trial design, especially in phase 1 trials for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

We met at the CRC (CLL Research Consortium) Scientific Meeting in San Diego in April 2015. The CLL Society also co-sponsored a patent forum the day before the science meeting began.

There are several take-aways from my interview, however one that is critical is that we be well-informed, not just about the drugs we might be taking, but also of the details of the clinical trial design itself.

Please take a look at cllsociety.org/2015/09/crc-... to see the interview and important related links.

The CLL Society’s inaugural newsletter will be emailed out midweek and we are really excited about it: Dr. Byrd is has written a long Q+A on ibrutinib; Dr. Jennifer Brown gives practical advice on idelalisib; I cover the basics of just what is CLL/SLL and more in a monolog and transcription; plus several patients including WWW have written diverse and helpful articles. If you are interested, please sign up at cllsociety.org/newsletter-s... .

Another reason to sign up is that we will posting a backlog of great lectures and interviews and articles on CLL from CRC and my time at iwCLL over the next few months leading up to ASH and getting the alert is your best friend in knowing what new material we have posted. As always all our content is free and doesn’t demand any of of your information to be seen.

Save the date: We are planning a post-ASH patient education forum and CLL Society LA support group launch in conjunction with City of Hope on Dec. 12, 2015. More details to follow.

Exciting times, but us patients still have to keep encouraging on the researchers. We aren’t to cure yet. We need to keep pushing.

Stay strong.

We are all in this together.

Brian

ESH 2014: The Future Role of FCR and new data on venetoclax and rituximab in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and my latest lab results

I thought I sneak in one last post from LAX before I board my plane to Wroclaw, Poland via Munich.

It is mostly about the new posts on the CLL Society's website and our nonprofit's news, but I wanted to share that my latest lab results from my visit to the infusion center for IVIG remains most boring with a low normal hemoglobin, a high normal platelet count and an absolute lymphocyte count of 1.2.  YEAH! Of course that really matters is the count of clonal B cells and that takes flow cytometry, but at least I know that nothing major is happening. Slow and steady makes me happy.

This week on the CLL Society website we bring the second part of our interview with Professor Michael Hallek of Koln, Germany, the director of the German CLL Study Group and a major CLL researcher and thinker.

He starts by discussing his “fast boat” adaptive trial strategy (similar in many ways to that of Prof. Hillmen in the UK), essentially looking for the most tailored therapy based on not just predictive factors, but also on how we patients actually respond in trials. He is looking for what I call that perfect Goldilocks’ mix of “ as much as necessary, as little as possible” therapy.

In the second half of the interview, he makes a cogent argument for the ongoing use of FCR frontline in select patients. While many of us are not fans of chemo-immunotherapy (CIT), Professor Hallek has strong data to support his perspective. Listen with an open mind.

Please give a look here in our section on conference coverage from 2014.

We also share my comments and background on an important oral abstract presented at the 20^th Congress of the European Hematology Association (EHA), June 11-15, 2015 on venetoclax (ABT-199 or GDC-199) and rituximab. In relapsed patients, the total response rate, the complete response rate, the MRD- rate and the ability for some to be able to remain disease free after stopping the drug is important data that you can find here in our 2015 conference coverage section.

We have a significant backlog of important educational material mostly from large conferences such as ASH 2014 and others from 2015 that we plan to post over the next few months.

In a first step to speed up the process, our first high school intern volunteer, the granddaughter of the CLL Society's attorney, has joined us online to help her earn her community service hours by helping us catalog all the videos that we have produced and are storing on the web.

We are working hard to expand what we offer to the tens of thousands of online readers and to actuate our ambitious plans for patient-centric, physician-curated live education and support. One volunteer medical director (yours truly), his unpaid wife and one part-time RN can’t do it all, although I have to say we have made some amazing progress in our mission to meet the unmet needs of the CLL community in the less than 90 days since our nonprofit’s website launched. Our website is #1 in organic Google searches for CLL Society despite having no search engine optimization in place. We are too busy trying to get our content up.

There is so much more we must do. Your suggestions, help, support, donations, ideas, and feedback are what guide us and keep us going.

We remain forever committed to open content for all with no need to sign in or share any of your personal information to see a video or to get the help you need. If you haven’t done so already, we encourage you to please sign up to receive alerts regarding new postings and for our quarterly newsletters (first one will be published in September) and to share with other patients, caregivers or concerned family or anyone whose life is touched by CLL.

The CLL Society will be at iwCLL in Australia in September to cover the news and we are planning an amazing patient meeting the day before the researchers' meeting in Sydney with Lymphoma Australia. 

Stay strong.

We are all in this together.

Brian Koffman

Volunteer Medical Director, CLL Society

ASH 2014: Dr. Kipps Explains ROR1 and how CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) is really treated in the Community

When I had a chance at ASH (American Society of Hematology) 2014 to interview my doctor, Dr. Tom Kipps, he first talked about the ROR1 trials that has recently opened at UCSD. This has been his research passion for years and is finally in trials. So far, so good. ROR1 holds the promise to be the perfect cancer target: found on our cancer cells, including possible CLL stem cells, and not on much else.

Keeping in mind that in all likelihood, a curative therapy is going to include a biological or immune approach, so it is important to know about ROR1. I have included links to more background and the clinical trials in the article.

In the second segment of the interview, Dr. Kipps discussed the findings presented at ASH on how CLL is actually treated in the real world. Guess what! It is not according to the latest guidelines. Another reason to add a CLL expert to our team.

These two interviews can be found in the conference coverage (past years) section of the website: http://cllsociety.org

Expect video updates on the website every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for the rest of the month.

ESH 2014: Prof. Stephan Stilgenbauer Discusses Prognostic Factors, FCR and Implications for Therapy in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

In part two of my interview from ESH in November 2014 from Greece with Professor Stilgenbauer of the University of Ulm, Germany we go deeper on the topics we cover in part one and introduce new subjects. I recommend you take a look at that post if you haven't already. That prior post also has links to even earlier reviews of some of the same areas of discussion.

In this segment, the doctor starts by using the examples of 11q or 17p deletion that help explains some of the subtleties of the difference between prognostic and predictive factors.

It is a nuanced subject, but one worthy of our efforts to understand as it can help guide our therapeutic choices.  His examples clearly outline the differences. Hopefully my brief introductory notes that follow also help.

The best known bad player found by FISH or interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization is deletion of 17p.

When the short arm of the 17th chromosome (17p) is deleted, gone with it is TP53 that is important in maintaining genomic stability when our DNA is reproducing itself. Because of its critical role in guarding the fidelity of each copy of the genome when our cells are replicating, it is considered a tumor suppressor. The doctor explains how it also fosters resistance to most chemo-immunotherapies.

The number two bad boy is 11q deletion.

The 11q arm carries ATM that is also involved, those less critically, in the same pathway protecting the stability of our genome. But the new discovery is that 11q deletion may also lead to loss of BIRC3 that leads to the jamming on of the pro-survival and anti-apoptotic NF-κB signaling pathway. More on this in later posts.

It's complicated, but the pieces are coming together.

Dr. Stilgenbauer points out that in those of us with 17p deletion with the relatively good news of having a positive mutation status, our CLL may be slow to progress. This combination of + mutation status and 17p deletion is an example of a prognostic factor- prognosticating about how we will do in the future.

He next points out that when patients with that same combo eventually do need treatment, it will most likely not respond to conventional chemo-immunotherapy (CIT) such as FCR. This is an example of a predictive factor, representing a "prediction" of the likelihood of a given therapy working.

If we are both unmutated and 17p deleted, sadly odds are we will both progress quickly and do poorly with traditional therapies. A double whammy. Bad prognostic and predictive factors. That's me.

He correctly points out the good initial response rates to CIT for those with 11q deletion (I am in this group too), but he neglects to point out that while we might get a deep response, it is not durable, possibly due to our cancer's ability to mutate more freely. He is right in highlighting the strong correlation between unmutated status and 11q deletion, which raises the questions about which is these two gives us the bad prognostic.

The professor's take on the possible "cures" with FCR is also instructive. Please give a critical listen.Much to ponder.

We also talk about the need for deep sequencing to search for 17p deletion or to check for TP53 function. He explains the new versus old ways to look at the chromosome.

Dr. Stilgenbauer outlines the sinister consequences that happens when the selective pressure of CIT is applied to even the smallest subclone population of 17p deletion cells. They can rise up and take charge when the cancer returns.

I believe that FISH is important but only a first step. Today we need to look for both deletions missed by FISH and smaller but critical subclones that are beyond the resolution of FISH. CLL management needs to move in this direction.

I don't want this post to be too much of a downer. While all statistics and cellular biology are important for predicting what happens to different groups, they do not determine individual destiny. And many of the new therapies' responses are blissfully blind to FISH status. I myself am unmutated, 11q deleted, 17p deleted, ZAP 70+, CD38+, have a complex karyotype and I am doing fine, thank you, but knowing this helped informed my decisions.

He closes with the familiar clarion call of the twin needs of having a CLL expert on our team and for more research.



More from ESH, Greece coming soon, including Dr. Wu on clonal heterogeneity and Dr. David Porter of U. Penn on CAR-T in CLL.

Many interviews to share from ASH last month in San Francisco are on the way.

Stay strong. We are all in this together.

ESH 2014: Prof. Stephan Stilgenbauer Reviews Predictive and Prognostic Markers in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

I was asked to present the patient's perspective in CLL at a satellite symposium to the annual congress of the Hellenic Society of Hematology held in Thessaloniki in northern Greece near the birthplace of Alexander the Great last month. The sponsors took a risk in inviting a patient to speak to a group of hematologists but my reception was warm and enthusiastic despite my inability to speak in the native language.

As a result of the positive response I received for my 30 minutes on the podium, I was asked if I could shoot a series of monologues that address various aspects of why it is so critical that our voices be heard by the professional community that treats us. I will posting those here and later our CLL website soon.  Check out the first monologue here filmed soon after I flew home. More monologues to follow on other topics.

The Hellenic hematology congress was co-incident with another valuable meeting in Thessaloniki organized by the European School of Hematology (ESH), ESH 2014: International Conference on New Concepts in B Cell Malignancies: From molecular pathogenesis to personalized treatment so I stayed in town for an extra few days to attend the CLL sessions and shoot some videos for the blog.

On a personal note, on my one half day free in Macedonia, I did rent a car and drove in the rain to see the amazing underground museum that includes the unspoiled grave of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. Don't miss it. I loved my much too brief return visit to Greece.

 

Grave of Phillip II

My ESH videos were embargoed until after ASH, so I am only able to share them now.

The first video interview is with Prof. Dr. med. Stephan Stilgenbauer of the University of Ulm.

We revisit the topic of prognosis and predictive factors. Here is a link to an earlier post on another aspect of this subject with Dr. Bill Wierda from MD Anderson. Dr. Jeff Sharman gets into some of the same material in this helpful post from iwCLL 2013.

The first message that I gathered from Prof. Stilgenbauer is that the significance of all these factors must be reassessed in this era of novel therapies and that process has only just begun. How they may have predicted and prognosticated about treatment with FCR is not always going to match up as to their relevance for therapy with ibrutinib or idelalisib. 

This should be an active area or reassessment and research. One possible example seems to be that patients with 17p deletion respond differently when treated upfront with ibrutinib versus when treated after they have relapsed with 17p deletion. More predictive and prognostic factors will emerge if we look. 

My next take way: It is no longer sufficient to test only only for the deletion of the short (p for petite) arm of the 17th chromosome (17p deletion), but we also must ask our hematologists to check the function of the TP53 gene. TP53 has been called the guardian of the genome because when it is functioning well, it protects our genetic information from being miscopied and thus spawning a malignant offspring. When it is missing or dysfunctional, cancers are both meaner and harder to kill. Here is a nice overview on TP53 from the NIH. Dr. Stilgenbauer discusses the relation between TP53 and 17p deletion.

Finally we touch briefly on some of the new prognostic factors found in CLL with the advent of deeper probing of our cancer's genetic makeup with next generation sequencing. These include mutations in NOTCH1 (a signaling pathway between adjacent cells) and SF3B1 (a surprise finding, a important in gene splicing). Here's the original article from the NEJM that goes into much greater detail.

Here is Dr. Stilgenbauer.




More soon from ESH and ASH.

As I write and edit these recent blog posts, it has become increasingly clear to me that the scope of what needs to be done to teach about CLL had grown beyond the capacity of this meager blog.

That will be a major part of the mission of the nonprofit CLL Society Inc., to inform and support both the newbie and the cognoscenti of the CLL community through a new dedicated and more robust CLL specific website.

Please complete our survey to let us know what are your unmet needs by clicking this link: https://cllsociety.questionpro.com. It closes at the end of the week.

And thanks so much to the many of you that have already finished the survey and a big thanks to those of you that have generously supported us already with a tax deductible donation. It will all be used to extend and deepen our reach with more knowledge and support.

                                            

ASCO 2014: Dr. Susan O'Brien Reviews the 3 years follow-up Data on Ibrutinib in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

If you can handle more hisses and pops on an audio recording, you will get to hear some pretty exciting news from Dr. Susan O' Brien who incidentally is leaving MD Anderson after many years of important CLL related research and compassionate patient care to head up a cancer research team  and consult on CLL patients in my backyard at the University of California at Irvine (UCI) starting Jan. 1, 2015

During the interview, Dr. O'Brien shares the three year follow-up data on single agent ibrutinib in relapsed and refractory patients and in the elderly.

In her important ASCO 2014 abstract, published 6 months ago, the data is astonishingly good for those lucky enough to get ibrutinib frontline, the over 65 crowd, a strong argument in favor of moving it and other drugs such as idelalisib or ABT-199 upfront.  In this trial, in the treatment naive arm, there was one early progression with Richter's that was probably there before the trial even began, and the rest of the cohort remains in the happy land of PFS also known as progression free survival.

The data is still very good for the difficult to treat relapsed and refractory group, but the curve is not flat. Relapses happen. This is especial true for those of us like me with the dreaded 17p deletion, where half the patients have started to progress after a little more than two years. While this is clearly much better than anything else out there in this most challenging population, ibrutinib has not hit a home run for this group as it might have for the treatment naive patients.

Despite significant recent progress, effective long term therapies for relapsed 17p deletion still remains one of the more pressing unmet needs in the world of CLL.

Dr. O'Brien discusses what these relapses look like, and mentions a strategy that I would strongly consider, namely that even at the time of relapse, one stay on ibrutinib until a new therapy is begun, as the BTK inhibitor, even it is no longer irreversibly binding, it is still partially braking the disease progression.

Let's listen to Dr. O'Brien.


Again sorry for the audio noise. Once these final ASCO interviews are posted, I promise I will not only be notching up the quality of what you see and hear about CLL here and elsewhere, but with the help of many others, will be expanding into whole new realms of education and support to meet the unmet needs of our community. Stay tuned.

ASCO 2014: Dr. Sharman Reviews the Results and Implication of a Single Agent Obinituzumab Poster in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

Another audio interview from ASCO 2014, this time with the ubiquitous Dr. Jeff Sharman, who with his work heading up a large national CLL/NHL research group, has brought us several important clinical results that has advanced our understanding of treatment options and provided directions for further research.

Here he is part of a group with Dr. Joe Flynn as the lead author, studying two different doses of the  fully humanized monoclonal type II antibody directed against CD20 (same target used by rituximab and oaftumumab) known as obinituzumab, also known as (AKA) GA101and AKA Gazyva used in this trial as single agent.

The abstract shows a strong trend to a better response with the higher dose, especially as regards complete responses. This is not surprising when we know from a dose escalation trial of rituximab published in 2001 from Dr. Susan O'Brien (mentioned in the interview by Dr. Sharman), that when it comes to antibodies, more is better.

Makes sense based on what we know about how these antibodies work. There are billions of B cells and only so much antibody. When they are all "bound up", there are none left.

There is also research now looking to see if there is similar dose response relation with CAR-T therapy: the more chimeric T-cells, the better, though the story here is much more complicated as it seems CAR-T cells are serial killers.

Dr. Kipps and I also discussed this same paper and the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 antibodies here. Dr. Jennifer Brown discusses earlier research on GA101 at ASH 2013 and the different types of antibodies here. And here are the details of its FDA approval and some of my comments only published only a little more than a year ago.

And if that's not enough background, here is an editorial from Blood 2012.

What a great year it has been for those of us touched by CLL! We are all on a fast moving train and while cure is still a distant light in the tunnel, long lasting low toxicity disease control for most of us may be a whistle stop that we blown past some time without even noticing some time last year.

Here's hoping.

Enjoy the audio interview with Dr. Sharman.


Thank you for putting up with all the pops and hisses again. I promise that they will be a thing of the past once I finish uploading the audio from ASCO 2014 and move forward to ASH 2014 and beyond.

Stay tuned as we have big plans that I will be announcing here soon that will improve our options for education and support for all of us with CLL and related B cell lymphomas in the near future.

ASCO 2014: Dr. Byrd: Ibrutinib in the Real World of CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

In this short second half of my interview from the final minutes of ASCO 2014, Dr. Byrd, my clinical trial doctor at OSU, discusses some of the potential  pitfalls in receiving ibrutinib outside of a trial from a provider who perhaps has little or no experience with the drug.

That is one of the reasons I push so hard that we patients be well informed and engaged so we can be be sure we are getting the best possible care.

It is also a push to strongly consider a second opinion, especially when we are considering therapy  with a doctor where the bulk of the practice and research is devoted to the care of CLL patients.

Ibrutinib and some similar other targeted oral medications (kinase inhibitors) are quite safe and easy to use, but do have some unusual characteristic effects.  For example it is common to experience a rapid climb in the lymphocyte count at the start of therapy. You and your doctor need to appreciate that it is not dangerous or a sign of progression or even really an adverse event. It is just a redistribution of the lymphocytes from the nodes to the blood whether there are more vulnerable and more likely to die.

Again, please pardon the pops and hisses in my part of the audio during the interview.

I have several great videos on tap from Greece (ESH International Conference on New Concepts in B Cell Malignancies: From molecular pathogenesis to personalized treatment) but they are embargoed until after ASH.

And of course, I will be attending ASH 2014 next week with my one man video production team to bring the latest news, commentaries, and explanations.

I go as as doctor, a patient, a reporter and I hope as your advocate. It can get pretty crazy: a scheduling nightmare and long demanding days.

On a personal note, my labs remain stable even though I have been off cyclosporin for my auto-immune platelet issues (ITP) for almost two months. The one fly in the ointment is that my white count and absolute neutrophils are a bit high. That usually means an infections, but I feel well. Could be just stress and lack of sleep. It's happened before and returned to normal, never leaving a clues as to why it bumped it. With CLL, I have learned to accept that things just happen and I may never know why.

Here is Dr. Byrd.



Happy Thanksgiving.

ASCO 2014: Dr. Byrd: What we could only Learn from a CLL Phase 3 Trial about Ibrutinib and Ofatumumab in Relapsed CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)

On the very last day of ASCO 2014 at the very last presentation, Dr. Byrd, my doctor out of Ohio State (OSU), shares with us what you could only find out from a Phase III trial.

But first I must apologize for all the popping from my holding the microphone too close to my loud mouth. Without any technical support for my audio recording, I did a lousy job on my own. But I have learned from my mistakes. Fortunately the important speaker in the interview, Dr. Byrd, is much more easily understood. Which is good because he has a lot of revealing thoughts and information to share. So despite the annoying pops, I decided to post this audio interview. There is a second section too on its way.

Dr. Byrd starts by explaining the important data that can only be discovered in a Phase III trial. Phase I is all about slow dose escalation and safety. While a Phase II trial is about watching for adverse events (AE) and sniffing around for efficacy, there is no comparator arm so anything bad that happens is automatically blamed on the trial drug to be extra cautious. But the bad happenstance may be just part of the background noise of the disease process, with or without the drug. There is no way to tell until we get to Phase III trials where we can see what happens and how often it happens to those on and off the novel therapy.

And we learned some surprises about AE with both drug with this trial. Here is a link to the abstract.

It also soon becomes abundantly clear to the trialists that ibrutinib was the far more potent drug for most patients. The difference in the responses with ibrutinib and with ofatumumab were so pronounced that all decent ethical standards forced a midstream redesign of the trial (and possibly all future trials) to allow a cross-over when there is such a wide gap between outcomes. Amazingly, even with the cross-over, ibrutinib still showed a significant survival advantage in the trial. That is good news for those of us on the outside looking in or those in the trial randomized to ibrutinib, but not for everyone: sadly it meant is that some patients on the ofatumumab arm had to die in order to prove the superiority of ibrutinib.

Dr. Byrd bravely and realistically takes on the issue of cross-over in trial design and getting drugs to market and those who need them.

He also discussed prognostic factors (the bad guys are the usual suspects: 17p deletion, complex karyotype, and perhaps three or more prior treatments). ASH 2014 will pick up this theme where it at least one abstract seems to say that complex karyotype is the ringleader of the bad players. I tend to agree. I have wondered aloud if 17p, the guardian of the genome, is just a surrogate marker for genes gone wild. This is personally annoying because I have a complex karyotype.

Later I think you can hear Dr. Byrd's pride in the new predictive tests that he and the team at OSU are developing to tell who is likely to progress on ibrutinib before they actually do.

Enough preamble. Let's listen to Dr. Byrd.



By the way, I wrote this entire blog post over the Atlantic Ocean on my way to Greece to lecture to hematologists on what patients want in their CLL treatment and also to attend and report from the ESH conference on B cell lymphomas.

Part two of my interview with Dr. Byrd to follow soon.

ASCO 2014: Dr. Farooqui on Trials at the NIH, ABT-199, and Issues of Long Term Oral Therapies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

In my last video interview from ASCO 2014 (several audio only interviews to come), with help from my friends at Patient Power, I interviewed Dr. Mohammed Farooqui from the NIH on the research and trials ongoing at the NIH, his enthusiasm about ABT-199 and the questions he and others are researching on longterm use of the novel oral meds.

Do keep in mind that all trials at the NIH in Bethesda are all free, with or without insurance. They even help with your airfare and hotel, and they are open to any one in or out of the USA.

The natural history trial on CLL is still actively recruiting and deserves our support. The care one will get at the NIH will be world class. A win-win situation.



It is not surprising to hear the honest response about getting adequate accrual in a chemo-immunotherapy trial is more difficult these days. I have heard similar concerns from other researchers. Now that ibrutinib and idelalisib are approved and available outside of trials, many of us are no longer considering clinical trials, especially where there is a computer randomly deciding whether we get the drug of our choice. Even trials offering an option of free ibrutinib and idelalisib are enrolling more slowly.

Dr. Farooqui also shares my excitement about ABT-199. Complete responses (CR), let alone minimal residual disease (MRD) negative responses, are rare with the two approved (though that may be changing as Dr Burger has some research showing CR and MRD negative responses with ibrutinib and mAb therapy- more on this important data point later), but CR and MRD- do occur in combination trials with ABT-199. 

I keep trying to get an answer to my question that is so pertinent for me and many others: what does it mean to walk around with residual disease (or not). There is still no answer and it will only be revealed with more time and more research. Dr. Farooqui does nicely lay out the possibilities.

Soon I will be posting some great audio only interviews from ASCO 2014 with Drs. O'Brien, Byrd, and Sharman. Next month I will be reporting from both ASH 2014 and early next week from the International Conference on New Concepts in B Cell Malignancies: From molecular pathogenesis to personalized treatment but this is your last chance to see me with a goatee on camera.

I have not been home for more than a few days at a time in over a month. After next week, I will have been at six medical conference, in two continents, in 6 different cities, lecturing on five different topics from alternative medicine to gout to CLL. ASH in San Francisco, a short vacation in Yosemite and maybe a quick turn-around trip to London to speak on CLL are on tap before the years' end.

This crazy schedule needs to stop.

And it will.

My plan and commitment to you is that in the very near future my focus will narrow from teaching about a variety of medical topics to only focusing on my passion to spread the news about CLL and related B cell lymphomas. I have big plans and I will need your help and support to make them come true. More to follow soon.  (There is a hint of the exciting news to come in the interview).

ASCO 2014: Dr. Kipps on ABT-199 and more on CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia): "Cancer is not an alien from outer space, cancer is us"

More mural work from my son, Ben Koffman

In this final segment of my three part interview from ASCO 2014, my doctor, Dr. Kipps out of the Moore Cancer Center at UCSD, explains as only he can about the competing roles of Bcl-2 and BIM in our malignant B cell clone and how ABT-199 resets that balance in our favor in our malignant B cells.

Here are links to part one and part two of the same interview. They will help set up and give perspective on this longer final segment.

Before you turn off when you hear mention of yet another B cell pathway, please listen to his helpful buttress explanation that explains why this therapy, especially in combinations with other agents, promises a possible cure with no cytotoxic chemotherapy with little collateral damage.

This specific cell death mechanism is particularly active in our malignant B cells. Accordingly, it makes sense as an even more potent target than is blocking B cell communication though the the B-cell receptor (BCR). Blocking BCR activity is likely a major mechanism for the outstanding success of the two newly approved targeted oral agents, idelalisib and ibrutinib. ABT-199 works differently. It works directly on the cell's life and death pathway.

As those who have read my prior post know too well, ABT-199's very potency is its weakness too. It can kill the cancer so fast there is a risk that the kidneys can't keep up with the flood of intracellular toxins spilling out of the millions and millions of lysed (broken down) cancer cells. Tragically, at least two deaths have occurred from this tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), and as a result the whole ABT-199 trial strategy was stopped and than revamped, but it's now back and better.

In other posts, I discussed one tragic death that happened in the trial and argue strongly then that its development be continued and I am so glad that has happened.

But when ABT-199 gets out of trials and into the larger community, I worry that TLS may start to reoccur if the education of the community doctors and their patients is not strong enough.

That, my friends, is one of my major goals here and elsewhere: to inform my fellow patients and providers of the changing landscape in managing CLL so we can make smart decisions and get the care we need.

But ABT-199 has gotten some patients to MRD negative status and even allowed durable disease control long after the med is stopped. That is very exciting and appears to be significantly different from the usual results seen with idelalisib and ibrutinib.

In the past I have argued of reducing the tumor burden with Imbruvica or Zydelig, perhaps with a mAB (monoclonal antibody) such as obinituzumab or rituximab, and then cleaning up any residual disease with ABT-199.

I am happy to say that is now a research direction that is being actively pursued.

It's too early to predict how ABT-199 will fit in the mix, but I predict it will play an important role in the future. The bar already has been set high with the robust responses already seen with the first two approved TKIs. It is not unreasonable to dream that the significant extra kick from ABT-199 or one of the new agents could push us to cure.

So  happy to see more research. We must keep pushing for more evolved therapies that offer cure, not just disease control. (Not that I am complaining about the recent advances that have positively changed my life and that of of so many other CLL patients.)

Later I will comment on the recently announced combination of the PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo) and the oral BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (Imbruvica) in a phase I/II trial for patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This is another promising and bold path that has me pretty excited.

But before, we move on, Dr. Kipps has more news for us patients from ASCO 2014.

In the last few minutes of the interview, Dr. Kipps takes a step back and forces us to consider a different perspective on the nature of cancer in general and CLL in particular. He reminds us of cancer's primitive embryonic nature and how ROR1, an embryonic antigen, might be a major player not just in CLL but in other metastatic cancers such as prostrate or ovary too. Thinking about cancer and CLL in this way opens us the possibility for new avenues of research and therapy. The anti-ROR1 mAB is a step in that direction.

When I saw, Dr. Michael Keating from MDACC at the AACR hematology meeting last month in Philadelphia,  he told me he is betting on ROR1 as the path to cure.

When Drs. Kipps and Keating agree, it is worth listening. And considering a ROR1 trial.

Please enjoy my interview with Dr. Kipps.



More soon. (By the way, my ASCO 2014 goatee is long gone.)

This is my crazy season of traveling and teaching, so please forgive my tardiness in posting.

I will be at the LRF conference this Saturday, Oct. 25, 2014 in Manhattan Beach, so please join me and say hello. If you have never attended a LRF conference, they are worthwhile on so many ways. Do come and learn and meet fellow patients.

We are all in this together.